Lesson One: Introduction to Mongolian Cyrillic
Welcome to the first lesson of Beginner Mongolian. In this lesson the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, vowel harmony, and vowel and consonant pronunciation combinations are introduced. Using the materials in this lesson you should memorize the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet and become familiar with each letter's pronunciation. Subsequent lessons assume you have learned the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, so it is important to make an effort to completely memorize the alphabet as soon as possible.
Lesson Two: Yes/No Questions
In this lesson the basic sentence structure is introduced along with the particles used to create yes/no type questions in Mongolian. Word order in Mongolian is different than word order in English language sentences, and the rules for creating yes/no type questions relies on special question particles used at the end of statements.
Lesson Three: Open Ended Questions
In this lesson we examine the basics of constructing open ended questions. These are questions that use words like who, what, when, where, and why. Just like in the previous lesson, these kinds of questions in Mongolian require special question particles. In this lesson we'll focus on using the question words "юу" and "хэн".
Lesson Five: Introduction to Possessives
The possessive form is an important foundational aspect of Mongolian that goes far beyond expressing ownership, and the concepts introduced in this lesson appear again and again as you learn more and more of the language. In this lesson, however, the basic concepts are introduced. These are possessive pronouns like "my", "your", or "her" and more general possessives like "car's", "Tom's", or "Mongolia's." In addition, the use of the possessive form to express a similar meaning to "of" in English is introduced.
Lesson Six: Numbers
Numbers have numerous applications (pun intended), and in Mongolian they have functions well beyond just counting and expressing quantity. In this lesson, basic numbers and the rules for constructing larger compound numbers are introduced. In addition, a new question word and an expression for asking a person's age are introduced.
Lesson Seven: Verbs and the Past Tense
Verbs and their past tense form are introduced in this lesson. A very useful characteristic of Mongolian verbs is that in their neutral, dictionary form they always end in the letter "x". This point is repeated several times in the lesson because it is extremely important to know that fact as you progress in the language. The reason is using this neutral form you can look up verbs in a dictionary to find their meaning. Mongolian verbs express tense using suffixes, and the past tense form is one of many suffixes a Mongolian speaker must know to communicate effectively. Being able to transform verbs with these suffixes into their dictionary forms and vise-versa is an essential skill in becoming proficient in the language.
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